L-Carnitine - 2x90 kaps.

Our proposal will appeal to everyone who is physically active and wants to supplement their diet with L-carnitine. Trouble-free supplementation is what we all value the most. L-carnitine in a convenient form of capsules, i.e. Effective Line L-carnitine, will be the perfect choice!

And what exactly is L-carnitine?

Carnitine is an amino acid derivative and a micronutrient that plays a key role in intermediate metabolism, the main function of which is to participate in the transport of long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondrial matrix, where fatty acid oxidation takes place. Other tasks of carnitine include preserving membrane integrity and reducing lactate production. Human muscles contain large amounts of carnitine, but this depends on the uptake of this compound from the bloodstream, due to the inability of muscles to synthesize carnitine. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is an important source of energy for muscle metabolism, especially during exercise¹.

Where does L-carnitine come from in our body?

Our body obtains carnitine mainly from the diet, primarily from food products of animal origin, such as red meat, chicken, fish and dairy products. Only 25% of carnitine comes from endogenous synthesis. Carnitine biosynthesis requires two essential amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine. It is estimated that the total content of carnitine in the human body is about 300 mg/kg, of which about 95% is stored intracellularly in the heart and skeletal muscles, and the rest in the liver, kidneys and plasma. The amount of circulating plasma carnitine is only 0.5% of the total carnitine in the body. In other words, among the various peripheral tissues, muscle is probably the main target for carnitine transport. Approximately 90–95% of total carnitine is concentrated in muscle, with a ratio of muscle carnitine to plasma concentration of approximately 50:11.

Why do we use L-carnitine?

L-carnitine is used as a dietary supplement by recreationally active people, as well as professional and highly trained athletes. The main function of L-carnitine is to transport long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for conversion into energy. L-carnitine also participates in the regulation of metabolic pathways that are important in the balance of skeletal muscle proteins (proteolysis and protein synthesis)². The use of L-carnitine is popular as an ergogenic aid, and the main assumption is that increasing muscle carnitine content will increase muscle fat oxidation and delay muscle glycogen depletion³. It is believed (and of course there is scientific evidence) that L-carnitine plays an important role in increasing endurance and recovery from fatigue⁴.

Bibliography:

1. Gnoni A., Longo S., Gnoni G. V., Giudetti A. M., Carnitine in Human Muscle Bioenergetics: Can Carnitine Supplementation Improve Physical Exercise? Molecules, 2020, Jan 1;25(1):182.
2. Sawicka A. K., Renzi G., Olek R. A., The bright and the dark sides of L-carnitine supplementation: a systematic review, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2020, 17, 49.
3. Wall B. T., Stephens F. B., Constantin-Teodosiu D, Marimuthu K, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PL. Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 2011, Feb 15;589(Pt 4):963-73.
4. Vecchio M., Chiaramonte R., Testa G., Pavone V., Clinical Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Physical Performance in Healthy Subjects, the Key to Success in Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from the Rehabilitation Point of View. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology,  2021, Nov 4;6(4):93.